A theoretical model is proposed as one way of conceptualizing various approaches to cultural translation in music.īoth the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and the CEFR-Japan (CEFR-J), an alternate version designed for Japanese learners of English, provide measurements of language proficiency via assessment or self-assessment on scales of descriptors of communicative competences (known as can-do statements). Artistic choices to (or not to) explicitly aim for this mode of cultural translation are routinely made by contemporary musicians active in hybrid genres, and analysis of specific examples from such ensembles as the Helsinki Koto Ensemble, Yoshida Brothers, Moscow Pan-Asian Ensemble, and Tokyo Brass Style illustrate how cultural translation can be either conscious or unconscious, and deliberately highlighted or shunted in such music projects. While much has already been theorized regarding how foreign musical genres may be transplanted, adopted and fused with indigenous traditions, the notion of cultural translation may most accurately fit the specific objective of intentionally representing significant aspects of one musical tradition through the techniques of another distinct tradition. Music, like language, qualifies as a field in which “ideological horizons of homogeneity have been conceptualized,” and postcolonialist scholars such as Homi Bhabha and Paul Gilroy have acknowledged its critical role as an emblem of identity within the very sites of hybridity that particularly interest scholars of cultural translation. Versions released on streaming or DVD, Blu-ray or Video may also differ.Explores various ways that intercultural analyses of musical meanings may offer theoretical insights applicable to the broader field of cultural translation. Versions released on streaming or DVD, Blu-ray or Video may also differ.īritish Board of Film Classification rating PG: Parental Guidance (General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children)īritish version is usually but not always the same as South African release. USA version is usually but not always the same as South African release. Rated PG for action/peril and some rude material. USA MPAA rating PG: Parental Guidance Suggested If you have a problem with any of the above, please take it up directly with the FPB. Scroll down for embedded trailer Film and Publications Board (FPB) Report (SA) Genre Studio Rakete, Red Star 3D, Cantilever Group, Moonshot Films, Narrativia, Sky, Squeeze Studio Animation, Ulysses Filmproduktion Terry Rossio, Robert Chandler, Toby Genkel, from the novel by Terry Pratchett
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